{"id":175,"date":"2023-05-16T11:38:21","date_gmt":"2023-05-16T11:38:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/itnotes.apjsoftwares.com\/?p=175"},"modified":"2023-05-16T11:38:21","modified_gmt":"2023-05-16T11:38:21","slug":"ipo-charts-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/itnotes.apjsoftwares.in\/index.php\/2023\/05\/16\/ipo-charts-2\/","title":{"rendered":"IPO charts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A problem can be broken down into 4 components:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Input – any data that is needed to solve the problem<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Processing – the task that will be carried out to solve the problem<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Output – the end result of the problem<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Storage – variable are used to store data\/values to perform calculation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The IPO (Input, Processing & Output) chart can be used to analyse a problem. This is a table with three columns, which represent three components: input, output and processing. Storage component is not shown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Input<\/strong><\/td>Processing<\/strong><\/td>Output<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
 <\/td> <\/td> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Follow these 5 steps to complete an IPO Chart:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Write the input (what is needed from the person using the algorithm).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Write the output (the end result that is stated in the problem).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. In the processing column write “get” and anything that is under the input column. If nothing is under the input column, leave out this step.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Ask yourself the following question. \u201cWhat do I have to do with the inputs in order to produce the desired output?\u201d Then write down what should be done.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Write “display” and anything under the Output column.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    E.g. A program is required to read three numbers, calculate and print their total.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Three numbers are needed so write “3 numbers” under INPUT<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Input<\/td>Processing<\/td>Output<\/td><\/tr>
    3 numbers<\/td> <\/td> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    The question asks for the total to be printed so Sum or Total can be used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Input<\/td>Processing<\/td>Output<\/td><\/tr>
    3 numbers<\/td> <\/td>Total<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Write down the word that is followed by 3 numbers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Write what should be done to produce the total which is “Calculate the total”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Write down the word display followed by total.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      Input<\/td>Processing<\/td>Output<\/td><\/tr>
      3 numbers<\/td>get 3 numberscalculate the totaldisplay total<\/td>Total<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      A problem can be broken down into 4 components:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. Input – any data that is needed to solve the problem<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. Processing – the task that will be carried out to solve the problem<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. Output – the end result of the problem<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4. Storage – variable are used to store data\/values to perform calculation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      The IPO (Input, Processing & Output) chart can be used to analyse a problem. This is a table with three columns, which represent three components: input, output and processing. Storage component is not shown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Input<\/strong><\/td>Processing<\/strong><\/td>Output<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
       <\/td> <\/td> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Follow these 5 steps to complete an IPO Chart:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. Write the input (what is needed from the person using the algorithm).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Write the output (the end result that is stated in the problem).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. In the processing column write “get” and anything that is under the input column. If nothing is under the input column, leave out this step.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. Ask yourself the following question. \u201cWhat do I have to do with the inputs in order to produce the desired output?\u201d Then write down what should be done.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. Write “display” and anything under the Output column.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        E.g. A program is required to read three numbers, calculate and print their total.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Three numbers are needed so write “3 numbers” under INPUT<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Input<\/td>Processing<\/td>Output<\/td><\/tr>
        3 numbers<\/td> <\/td> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        The question asks for the total to be printed so Sum or Total can be used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Input<\/td>Processing<\/td>Output<\/td><\/tr>
        3 numbers<\/td> <\/td>Total<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Write down the word that is followed by 3 numbers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Write what should be done to produce the total which is “Calculate the total”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Write down the word display followed by total.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          Input<\/td>Processing<\/td>Output<\/td><\/tr>
          3 numbers<\/td>get 3 numberscalculate the totaldisplay total<\/td>Total<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          HIPO stands for Hierarchical Input Process Output. HIPO diagram assesses the system and facilitates documentation. It organises the software system’s modules into a hierarchy. HIPO diagrams can be used to get a high-level picture of the system’s functions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          The functions are further divided into sub-functions, using HIPO diagrams demonstrating the system functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          HIPO diagrams are excellent for documentation. By presenting the system’s structure in a graphical format, designers and managers may quickly comprehend it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Advantages of HIPO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. Offer more detail than other types of documentation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. Each module’s input and output are properly labelled.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. Can be used to quickly determine what modules call the module under investigation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            Disadvantages of HIPO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            1. The biggest downside of HIPO is that the documentation for a programme can become quite large: each module has its page, regardless of its actual size.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            2. Structure charts and pseudocode are more extensively utilised than HIPO charts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            3. HIPO does not provide any data flow or control flow information.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

              Example of HIPO Diagram<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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